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How breasts change during pregnancy

Posted on 06/09/2021 - 10:19 by Desarrollo WebAdictos

The human body is perfect and proof of this are the changes that occur in women when we are pregnant. Everything lines up to receive our baby, each of our cells prepares to give life. These transformations not only occur in the uterus and internal organs, but also physiologically and, after the womb, the breasts are where the increase in size is most appreciated.

This is how breasts change during pregnancy

Breast enlargement starts from the beginning of pregnancy. “The increase in estrogen and progesterone causes the mammary glands to mature, then they begin to prepare themselves to produce milk when the baby is born”, says gynecologist Susana Haquet Santana, academic from the Department of Embryology and Genetics from the Faculty of Medicine, UNAM.

How breasts change in the first trimester

The first thing that many women identify when they are expecting a baby is some tension in the breasts; they begin to feel sore and often it is even the first sign of pregnancy. The increase in hormones makes both the nipples and the breasts more sensitive.

Each woman is different, some would notice that they grow from the beginning, others would not see drastic changes until delivery (with the milk coming in). Breasts may feel swollen, tingly, or the nipples stick out more than usual. All this is normal.

“The changes in the breasts begin from the moment the embryo is implanted, the increase in estrogen and progesterone happens; therefore, the breasts will increase in size and may feel painful and sensitive. Women notice this changes from the beginning”, adds Dr. Haquet.

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Breast changes during the second trimester

Some women would feel their breasts larger and heavier. At this stage you may need a larger bra, or perhaps you would think of a special one that will also help for breastfeeding. There are elastic ones, without seams, with wide straps which unfasten right where the breast is to feed the baby. Choose one that makes you feel comfortable, just try to avoid the ones with underwire.

At this point it is possible (or not, remember that we are all different) that you notice that the areola and nipples area darkens. Some also have small bumps or pimples (Montgomery’s tubercles).

There is a reason for these lumps: they secrete moisturizing oil that protects you from pain and their scent helps guide the newborn to your nipples. It is highly recommended that, just as you take care of your belly, you keep your breasts hydrated to avoid stretch marks.

You can use a special cream or sweet almond oil. Note: When you are breastfeeding, it is important that you do not remove the natural oils from your breasts, just clean them after each feeding with a towel with warm water and gently dry them.

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Changes during the third trimester of pregnancy

“In the end, from week 36 or 37, there could even be some milk secretion”, explains the gynecologist Susana Haquet.

The breasts begin to grow a little more. You may notice a yellowish discharge coming from the nipples (some women notice this as early as the second trimester). This is colostrum and it is the first food given to the baby.

It is said that it is our children’s first vaccine because in addition to nutrients, mainly proteins, fats, water and lactose, it also contains immunological factors, which protect them against germs in the environment.

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What happens to the breasts after giving birth?

You will notice that your breasts are full. This is because you are starting to produce milk, but also because the blood circulating through your breasts has increased. Probably you will feel that you have milk “balls”, this is called congestion and is quite common.

Your baby will eat and release the load of milk. If you still have too much milk, you can use a manual pump and save the milk for the moment when your partner bottle feed your baby. If you feel very uncomfortable, talk to your doctor, he will be able to tell you what to do for your particular case.

As the baby grows, you will see that the feeling that your breasts are full decreases, but that does not mean that you will produce less milk.

Around the time your little one reaches 15 months of age, you will notice that your breast size is similar to what it was before you got pregnant no matter if you continue breastfeeding or not.

The reason is that your breasts are working more efficiently after six months of your baby’s birth, so it is very likely that there is a redistribution of breast tissue that allows you to have milk without engorgement.

After weaning, your breasts return to their pre-pregnancy size within three months. Obviously if you get pregnant again, the process starts all over again.

Isn’t it amazing how our body works?

Translated by: Ligia M. Oliver Manrique de Lara

Spanish version: Here

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Vaginal discharge during pregnancy, is it normal?

Posted on 30/08/2021 - 19:45 by Desarrollo WebAdictos

Pregnancy causes changes in vaginal discharge. The color, texture, volume and frequency may vary, but you should NOT confuse them with vaginal fluid. In this article we will explain what is normal and what is not.

All women have vaginal secretions

Whether we are pregnant or not, all women have vaginal secretions. They start a little before puberty and stop with the menopause. What is their purpose? Well, they help the vagina be clean, without infections; they are a mixture of cervical mucus and other fluids produced in the vagina itself, the uterus or the cervix. “Vaginal secretions help keep vaginal tissues healthy, provide lubrication, and provide protection against infection and irritation. The amount, color, and consistency of normal vaginal secretions vary: from whitish and sticky to clear and liquid depending on the stage of the reproductive (menstrual) cycle”, explains the Mayo Clinic.

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Every woman is different. Some have discharge from time to time, others have a little daily. The amount varies from woman to woman, and it even changes throughout life. But not all secretions are normal.

Is vaginal discharge normal during pregnancy?

The flow as such is NOT normal (at any time), what are normal are the vaginal secretions. Especially in the second trimester, according to the Mayo Clinic.

During pregnancy it is possible to notice “a sticky, transparent or white vaginal discharge, which is normal”. However, if it has a strong odor, an unusual color (intense green or yellow), or if it is accompanied by pain, discomfort, or itching in the vaginal area could indicate a vaginal infection.

“There should be no discharge during pregnancy. Some women detect cervical mucus, which all women have, but during pregnancy it becomes thicker, a whitish, but there should be no discomfort such as itching, bad smell or burning”.

“The cervical mucus looks thick and stains the panties, that’s it. If vaginal discharge is present, it is a symptom of infection and then we would be talking about another issue that requires medical treatment”, explains Susana Haquet Santana, an academic from the Department of Embryology and Genetics of the Faculty of Medicine, UNAM.

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Why is there vaginal discharge?

Abnormal vaginal discharge has many causes. When the woman is not pregnant, most discharge is relatively harmless (such as vaginal candidiasis or bacterial vaginosis) although they are very uncomfortable. It can also be a symptom of sexually transmitted infections.

But be careful, when the woman is pregnant it is very important that the doctor provides treatment before the baby is born because infections can be transmitted to the baby during childbirth. Your gynecologist will be able to provide you with treatment that will help you against abnormal vaginal discharge and infections, without putting your baby at risk. If you are expecting a baby, never try to solve it on your own with over-the-counter medications, go to your specialist; remember that at this stage we must be very careful with medications.

You can read: Basic skin care during pregnancy

If you are at the end of pregnancy, pay attention if there is a sudden increase in mucous vaginal discharge. Pay attention if it is thick and transparent, light yellow or brown, sometimes stained with blood. In this case you could be losing your mucus plug, which indicates the moment of delivery.

Also at the end of pregnancy, be very careful that the secretion you are losing is not amniotic fluid because it is a vital element to protect the baby inside the womb. In all cases, if in doubt, contact your doctor immediately.

Translated by: Ligia M. Oliver Manrique de Lara

Spanish version

Symptoms of pregnancy before a missed period

Posted on 30/08/2021 - 17:41 by Desarrollo WebAdictos

How wonderful it would be to have clear pregnancy symptoms before the period is missed! However, although it is one of the most frequent searches on Google, there are very few signs that could indicate that we are expecting a baby before the absence of menstruation.

Pregnancy symptoms before a missed period

The clearest sign of pregnancy, when we all go for a test, be it home or blood in a laboratory, is the absence of menstruation. But, can I tell you something? The woman’s body begins to prepare itself from the moment of conception.

They are subtle symptoms, most of the time unnoticed, and can be confused with premenstrual symptoms or other external factors. According to Susana Haquet Santana, an academic from the Department of Embryology and Genetics of the Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, the symptoms of pregnancy before the period is absent are very few: “It could be a little pain or tension in the mammary glands. Perhaps a slight nausea”, explains the expert.

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Breast changes

Do you notice something different in your breasts? Are they more sensitive, even hurtful?

“From the beginning, there is a greater secretion of hormones that affects the breasts. Estrogen and progesterone cause the mammary glands to mature; they begin to prepare so that when the baby is born, milk production can occur”.

“This begins from the moment the embryo is implanted, breasts begin to increase in size, you can also feel the painful and sensitive mammary glands. This change can be noticed by women from the beginning”, explains the gynecologist.

A little bleeding

Implantation bleeding, usually defined as staining or light bleeding that occurs 10 to 14 days after conception, is normal and can appear before you even expect your period.

Yvonne Butler Tobah, M.D., of the Mayo Clinic explains: “It occurs when the fertilized egg attaches to the wall of the uterus. Implantation bleeding usually occurs around the time you would expect to have your period, a little earlier. This bleeding is lighter than the one that occurs when menstruating”. But beware, some women do not have implantation bleeding, and in others it goes unnoticed. It is also possible to confuse it with a light menstruation. If this happens, you may not realize you’re pregnant, which can lead to confusion when determining your baby’s due date.

You can read: Why does breastfeeding hurt so much?

Sickness

A classic that you see in the movies to refer to pregnancy before the period is missed is nausea. Dr. Mary Marnach, also from the Mayo Clinic, explains that nausea and vomiting during pregnancy are due to the effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). “Pregnant women begin to produce HCG soon after the fertilized egg attaches to the lining of the uterus”.

Dr. Susana Haquet, from UNAM, adds, “Nausea occurs before there is a menstrual delay and during the first three months. Especially there is a peak between week 10 and 12″.

But despite the hype in movies, many women never experience nausea. In addition, it is very common to believe that it is because some food has made them sick, which is why the vast majority of women do not perceive them or relate them as such.

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Other possible symptoms of pregnancy before the missed period

In the article Symptoms of pregnancy, what comes first, Mayo Clinic explains some other signs at the beginning of pregnancy, but they are not exclusive to this stage either. Most are due to hormonal changes:

Increased urination: The amount of blood in the body increases during pregnancy, causing the kidneys to process extra fluid that ends up in the bladder.

Fatigue: It is also one of the first symptoms. During the early stages, levels of the hormone progesterone rise, making you feel drowsy.

Mood swings: The rush of hormones can make you feel unusually emotional and tearful.

Bloating: Hormonal changes in early pregnancy can make you feel bloated like you would feel at the beginning of your menstrual period.

Cramps: Some women experience uterine cramps (stinging pain in the lower abdomen).

Constipation: Hormonal changes can cause the digestive system to slow down.

Food aversions (disgust): You may become more sensitive to smells and your sense of taste may change.

Nasal congestion: Also, due to the increase in hormones, it is possible for the mucous membranes of the nose to swell and it can make your nose feel “stuffy”.

Am I really pregnant if I have any of these symptoms?

Here we go again, unfortunately all these signs and symptoms are NOT exclusive to pregnancy, so do not hallucinate, otherwise your doubts and stress may increase.

If you have doubts, the best thing to do is to take a pregnancy test and make an appointment with your doctor to confirm it, rule it out or, in any case, find out the causes of your weird symptoms.

Translated by: Ligia M. Oliver Manrique de Lara

Spanish version: Here

Other notes:
Symptoms of pregnancy before a missed period

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Regurgitation in babies: what to do when they spit up milk

Posted on 23/08/2021 - 14:18 by Desarrollo WebAdictos

You just fed your baby and suddenly… he spits up the milk! Although it causes a lot of stress at first, regurgitation in babies is very common, especially in the first year of life.

As moms, we worry, but before “freaking out” we must learn to identify what is normal and what is not, what causes it and how we can differentiate it from vomiting.

What is regurgitation in babies?

Regurgitation in babies, known in medical terms as gastroesophageal reflux, happens when the milk in the baby’s stomach returns to the esophagus, the tube that connects the mouth with the stomach.

According to the Mayo Clinic, regurgitation is quite common in young babies, mainly between 0 and 6 months of age. As the organism is not yet fully developed, there is immaturity in the closing mechanism (lower esophageal sphincter), which prevents food from the stomach from going back to the esophagus.

In the vast majority of cases

Regurgitation or “mouthful of milk” has a physiological origin that is corrected as the baby grows up.

It improves when complementary feeding begins (at 6 months of age) and the baby spends more time in an upright position, and usually it disappears around one year of age.

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Causes of regurgitation in our babies

All babies regurgitate, spit up or drop a “thread of milk”, it is normal. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), a spit-up is especially produced under the following conditions:

After swallowing air while breastfeeding or being fed with a bottle. The air occupies a large volume in the stomach and ends up pushing the milk up.
When his stomach is full or he has had too much milk. The contents of the stomach cause the sphincter to open and flood the stomach.
When the baby is suddenly moved or he is moved carelessly.
When the baby’s stomach is accidentally squeezed. Imagine that it is a full bag, if you squeeze it, it spills over.

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How many times does a baby spit up?

Up to 10 or 12 times a day is considered within the “normal” limits, although the average is one to three regurgitations per day.

A research by Reiko Miyazawa, published in the National Library of Medicine, indicates that 47% of one-month-old infants have one to three episodes of regurgitation per day.

The proportion decreased to 28.8% at 4 months of age, and 6.4% at 7 months of age.

There were no significant differences in the frequency of spitting up episodes among breastfed, formula-fed, and mixed-fed infants.

“A normal regurgitation does not affect the well-being of the baby. As long as the baby is not in discomfort, he is eating well and gaining weight, there is nothing to worry about. If your baby gains weight, the calories lost through spitting up don’t affect him”, explains the Mayo Clinic.

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What is the difference between regurgitating and vomiting?

Doctor Jesús Garrido, author of My Online Pediatrician and promoter of Respectful Pediatrics explains, “Vomiting is a violent contraction of the stomach walls that are trying to expel the contents inside because they hurt it”.

“It can be identified because the baby begins to eat, he gets very restless, and ends up expelling the milk vigorously. Vomiting is always accompanied by pain, pale skin, sweating, or pouting.

The causes must be determined by the doctor

It is possible that the baby is allergic to milk. If your baby expels milk and there is no discomfort, then he is just spitting up or regurgitating”.

According to the expert, regurgitation must also be differentiated from acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease:

“People tend to interpret acid reflux when the baby expels a lot of milk, but there are some babies who practically do not expel anything. If the baby is very uncomfortable, he arches back and begins to feel something is coming up”.

The baby has a little cough, some mucus in his throat (because the reflux irritates the throat increasing the mucus production), he can’t lie down, he asks you to pick him up because it hurts so much.

“If you also see that his tongue is whitish (because the acid reflux burns the tongue buds), notice that the skin around his mouth is easily irritated and the bib has a foul smell, the milk is curdled, with lumps or there is a clear liquid that smells like vomit, then it is very likely that it is acid reflux”, says Garrido.

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What can we do to reduce regurgitation?

Now it is easier to identify if it is regurgitation, vomiting or gastroesophageal reflux disease. For these latter two, only the doctor will be able to treat your baby after identifying the causes. If it is normal regurgitation, there are some tips that can help you:

Keep your baby in an upright position. After each feeding, do not lay him down, keep him upright for 30 minutes.
Avoid active games for at least 20 minutes after the feeding.
Avoid rocking him immediately after the feeding.
Don’t overfeed him. Give smaller amounts of milk, but more often.
Burp your baby to prevent air from building up in the stomach.
Put your baby down to sleep on his back, reducing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.
If you are breastfeeding, experiment with your own diet. Your doctor will be able to guide you what foods you can take, or if you should avoid dairy products, spicy foods or other foods in your diet.

About the use of home remedies

The Mayo Clinic warns, “We do not recommend adding rice cereal or any other cereal to breast milk or formula. This is commonly done, but it has been found to be helpless, it only adds carbohydrate calories too soon. Rice or other cereals can be introduced around the 6 months of age (and not before 4 months)”.

“You can keep the baby upright for 30 minutes after feeding, and this can sometimes improve reflux. Remember, reflux is normal in babies, but if he suddenly gets worse, if your baby is not gaining weight (or loses weight), or if he shows symptoms of illness (cough, etc.), seek medical attention”, says Dr. Lee Johnson, Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic Health System in La Crosse Wisconsin, USA, in response to Baby Creysi.

What is regurgitation in babies — Always have a washcloth to clean your baby and yourself. Photo: Shutterstock

Translated by: Ligia M. Oliver Manrique de Lara

Spanish version: Here

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How do home pregnancy tests work?

Posted on 20/08/2021 - 12:55 by Desarrollo WebAdictos

Today home pregnancy tests are so simple, common, and effective that we take for granted their operation and science behind them. You just have to urinate on a kind of pen, wait a few minutes to know the result and voilà. However, things were not like this a few decades ago.

People used frogs to detect pregnancy

You’re going to laugh, but in the 1930s and into the late 1960s, doctors used an African frog called Xenopus laevis to detect pregnancy. This test was patented by the British doctor Lancelot Hogben and was a common practice, recognized throughout the world. It was about injecting urine samples from the woman under the skin of a female frog and leaving it overnight in her tank.

The next morning the doctor checked for eggs. The human pregnancy hormone initiated the frog’s ovulation.

The science behind home pregnancy tests

The first home pregnancy test came out in 1971, but it didn’t become popular until the 1990s. The basic principle was the detection of the hormone hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) through a research technique known by the acronym: ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay).

The principle is simple and is inspired by the functioning of our own body: foreign agent-antigens enter the body and bind to antibodies, giving rise to an immune response.

This binding is used in the test to detect specific molecules.

On the one hand, the antibody binds to the antigen and on the other to an enzyme, capable of producing a visible reaction that we identify by the change of color.

How do home pregnancy tests work?

Through an animated presentation prepared by Dr. Adriana Sierra and Dr. Aldo Fernando Sosa from the Universidad de las Américas Puebla, this process is explained: “Everything works with a little urine. On the surface of the test is a kind of antibody linked to an enzyme”.

“The antibody is a receptor for the hormone Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCDG), which is present in the urine during pregnancy”.

“The structures with hCG-antibodies and the antibodies without hCG travel to the test zone where there are antibodies that are only receptors for the structures that have the hormone Gonadotropin”.

“The interaction with the hormone causes a change of color in the substrate, aroused by the enzyme. The window that is in the test area is tinted. The antibodies without the hCG travel to another control area where there are other antibody receptors, causing a change in the color of the substrate. There’s a baby!”

The line showing the result is not always intensely colored, nor does it occur at the same time, the average time is five minutes after the urine comes into contact with the reactor. However, there are times when a little more time is required. It is important to read the precise instructions for each test.

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When to take a pregnancy test

“Menstrual delay is the first indicator that there may be a pregnancy. There are two early tests that can be done. The first is the dosage of the beta subunit in urine, buying a kit in a pharmacy and the second is the dosage in blood in a chemical laboratory”, says Dr. Rocío González, a specialist in Gynecology and Obstetrics.

“Pregnancy tests are based on the detection of the hormone hCG. The end of a test strip is placed directly into the urine stream or dipped into a container where the urine was collected. A few minutes later the test strip reveals the test result. Depending on the test it is one or two lines or even the word pregnant or not pregnant”. “The point is when it is appropriate to do the test.

The sensitivity of pharmacy kits today is very high and with a few days of menstrual delay they already test positive.

But you have to keep in mind that some women can test positive with one day of menstrual delay and others may need a week of menstrual delay to test positive. In contrast, the dosage of the beta subunit in blood made in a medical laboratory is immediate.

The same day of the lack of menstruation can determine if there is a pregnancy in progress”, says the expert.

Home pregnancy tests are an easy, fast and cheap way to find out if you are expecting a baby. They are available in most pharmacies and supermarkets. Photo: PxFuel

Don’t crave!

It is very stressful to wonder if you have are pregnant or not, but if you do not want to do a blood test, it is best to wait a bit to do a home test.

For the Mayo Clinic, the probability of obtaining a false negative with home pregnancy tests is greater if you perform it before the second day of the absence of menstruation. If we want the result to be reliable, it is a good idea to wait for the third day, or better yet, a week after the missed period. “Why is it necessary to wait?

Shortly after a fertilized egg attaches to the lining of the uterus (implantation), the placenta forms and the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced. This hormone enters the bloodstream and urine.

During early pregnancy, the concentration of this hormone increases rapidly, every two or three days.

The sooner you take your home pregnancy test, the more difficult it will be for the test to detect gonadotropin”, says the Mayo Clinic in the article Home Pregnancy Tests.

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How effective are home pregnancy tests?

Many home pregnancy tests claim to be 99% accurate, or even carry the slogan “before you miss your period”, but that is not entirely accurate, and the reality is that they have different capabilities.

If you take a test and the result is negative, but you think you are pregnant, repeat the test a week later or take a blood test.

“Medications to promote fertility or others that contain human chorionic gonadotropin could interfere with the results of home pregnancy tests. However, most medications, including antibiotics and birth control pills, do not affect accuracy”, Mayo Clinic explains.

The body produces the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) only when you are pregnant. Photo: Shutterstock

What factors can lead to a wrong negative result?

Until a few years ago, it was believed that false negatives could be less than 1%, but a study by the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis revealed that they can be up to 5%. Why does it fail?

You get tested too soon.
You check the results too soon (read the instructions and if necessary use a timer).
You use diluted urine. For best results, perform the test first thing in the morning, when it is most concentrated.

To make sure of the result, it is advisable to do a second test.

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Is it possible to get a positive result and I am not pregnant?

It’s rare, but yes. They are known as false positives.

A false positive could happen if you lost a pregnancy soon after the fertilized egg had attached to the lining of the uterus (biochemical pregnancy) or if you took a pregnancy test too soon after taking a fertility drug containing human chorionic gonadotropin.

“An ectopic pregnancy, menopause, or problems with the ovaries could also contribute to misleading test results”, Mayo Clinic explains.

If your result is positive, see your doctor as soon as possible to start prenatal treatment and, if your result is negative, but you still do not have your menstrual period (amenorrhea), in addition to repeating the test or doing a blood test, it is important that your doctor evaluates other possible factors such as thyroid disorders, low body weight, ovarian problems, excessive exercise, or stress.

Remember that your health care provider can help you regulate your menstrual cycle.

Translated by: Ligia M. Oliver Manrique de Lara

Spanish version: Here

Other notes:

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7 tips to avoid crib death

Posted on 24/02/2021 - 09:00 by Ligia Oliver

One of the main fears of mothers of newborn babies is that their son or daughter will be a victim of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), also known as crib death.

Fear is not for free

This disgrace happens without any apparent reason and causes the sudden death of babies under one year of age.

Although there is still no absolute consensus regarding its causes, multiple scientific investigations have pointed out factors that could be related.

Follow the list

A list of recommendations has been elaborated to prevent it based on the evidence provided by the cases studied for decades. Follow them to the letter.

Some clues about its causes

Pediatrician expert Carmen García explains that SIDS “is one of the most known infant deaths and represents 35 to 55% of deaths in this age group. Death, as its name says, is sudden and without apparent cause”.

García points out that this syndrome occurs between two weeks and a year after the baby’s birth, but it is much more frequent in those under four months.

Some data

Over the years, various studies have been carried out to try to determine the causes of this syndrome; however, there are still no solid answers, only indicators, “The causes are still unknown, but it is very likely that it is due to a dysfunction of the nervous mechanisms of cardiorespiratory control.

Babies’ systems have not yet matured enough to solve, for example, suffocation or phlegm”, says García.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome constitutes between 35 and 55% of infant deaths.

More data

Among the most important findings about the possible risk factors that have been found around the world, according to the American SIDS Institute, are:

Exposure to nicotine, that the baby sleeps on his stomach, that older people share the bed with him and that the child has abnormalities in the brainstem that do not allow him to adequately deal with respiratory events.

7 rules to prevent crib death

There are some measures that can help you prevent this syndrome. Pediatric expert Carmen García offers you the most important recommendations to take care of your baby.

1. Do not miss your prenatal control: Prenatal care is essential to avoid premature birth, one of the factors that are believed to increase the risk of crib death.

2. Your baby should sleep on his back or on his side, in both cases with his head to the side. It is believed that the mattress could obstruct the airway of many babies who sleep on their stomachs and, unable to raise their heads on their own, have suffocated. On the other hand, putting the baby’s head on one side allows the little one to expel phlegm or milk, in case of regurgitation.

3. Use a firm mattress, avoid laying him on mattresses, lambskins or fluffy quilts. This will help decrease any risk of suffocation.

4. Keep the baby’s bed as bare as possible. Also, he should sleep without blankets, bumpers, stuffed animals or cushions. Any of these objects can entangle him and obstruct his breathing.

5. Do not share a bed, ideally your baby should have your own space to avoid the risk of being crushed by adults or other children during sleep. You can use a co-sleeping crib to keep him close to you without putting him in danger.

6. Sleep in the same room. You need to be very vigilant, as his neurological and respiratory systems are not yet mature enough to overcome some events on his own. The appropriate situation is that he sleeps next to you so that you can be as attentive as possible.

7. Do not smoke during pregnancy or close to the baby. Several studies have found a link between smoking and nicotine exposure with crib death. For this reason, it is important that babies are not near smokers and people must not smoke in the baby´s areas, since the nicotine remains impregnated in the objects.